So, after the quest "The Battle for Fort Sungard" was completed, I talked to Ulfrid. He gave me money, a new title (Snow Hammer), and a token. But the sub-quest "Report to Ulfric Stormcloak" is still incomplete in "Liberation of Skyrim".

Tried this console command and it works, but the "Liberation of Skyrim" is still in the journal and the next quest, "A false front" does not appear:

setobjectivecompleted cwobj 1002 1

Tried talking to Galmar but he just gives me some money. Attacked him and tried to pay the bounty in Windhelm but there was no bounty. Tried reloading the save, waiting 7 days and fast traveling to the stables, then walking to the palace but no luck.

I'm sorry but I made the mistake of using only quick saves through most of the game.

I had another bug in the quest "Rescue from Fort Neugrad" where there was no option to report. So I used a CC and advanced it. Now I noticed in the journal that the "Report back to Ralof" is unchecked.

Maybe I could search for another player savegame to start it all over, then go back to my save.

Update: Found an old save from 3 weeks ago, gonna try the civil war quest again.