tl;dr: Yes.

Fundamental limit: Under higher pressure materials will compress more. One can use this to predict what a planet's size (radius) will be versus its mass for a given composition. Here is an example (from S. Seager et al. 2007, Ap.J. 669, 1279). As can be seen on that figure, planets that have a 'rocky' composition (the red lines, MgSiO2: rock, Fe/MgSio3: rocky with an iron core) have a maximum radius of ~3.5 Earth radii. Planets composed of hydrogen have a maximum radius of about 1 Jupiter radius (~11 Earth radii). (Note: the linked figure assumes the body in question has no internal heat source, so this figure is not applicable to stars that are undergoing fusion.)

Practical limit: When planets form there is typically a lot of hydrogen and helium gas around. If a rocky proto-planet gains enough mass then it will start gravitationally capturing this gas. This mass limit is about ~10 Earth masses, which equates to a radius of ~2 Earth radii.

Sightings:

• Questions about a Jupiter sized Earth

• Is there a limit to the size of rocky planets?

• What is the maximum size of a rocky planet, and what happens when a rocky planet is "too large"?

• Is it possible for an earth-like planet to be the size of our sun?

• A question about the size of planets.

• Is there a limit for the size of moons and planets?

• Is there a size limit for terrestrial planets?

• Would it be possible to find a Jupiter-sized rocky planet /Is there a limit to the size of rocky planets?

• Is it possible for a terrestrial planet to be the size of a gas giant?

• Is it possible for there to be terrestrial planets bigger then some stars? If so, can they have their own solar system?

• So we've all seen the .gif of .jpg of the known sizes of stars and how they dwarf us-- but are there planets that achieve that scale?