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Why is there lights across the Caspian sea when there isn’t a bridge
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They're oil platforms, but not like the massive skyscraper sized modern ones we know and love on reddit.

Those ones there are absolutely ancient structures, many built before the 1960s. They're very basic small wood and steel piers just for the wellhead. The oil is then piped back to shore for processing through interconnected bridges that's all falling apart.

Update: the brightest cluster in the middle is the newer Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli field, discovered in the 80s and still being developed today. The older platforms are the ones closer to shore, you can see them on normal Google Earth.

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The "simplest" and thus earliest drilled petroleum reservoir is an anticlinal trap.

Imagine a book with pages made of alternating permeable sandstone as a reservoir rock, and impermeable shale as a capping rock preventing the oil from escaping away.

Give it a few tens of millions of years of tectonic activity and the book is bent into an arch. Petroleum from deeper regions will "float" up to the high point of the arch. If you look at it from above that high point looks like a line across the surface. That's where you drill to hit oil and not water.

Of course in real life it's more complex.

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