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Xwi̤i̤kwçar ghjãr yytssĩĩ tswĩj tzwqwũũt' tssĩĩtswt' xwi̤i̤ qwḭḭkw ghjãrtswĩjq
/ˈχ͈ʷe̘ːkʷ˨˩̤.xa̟˞˧˨ˤ ɣ̟ʲa̟˞˦˥̰ ˈə̘ː˧˨ˤ.t̠͈͡ʃʃ͈e̘ː˦˥̰ t̠͈͡ʃʷei̙˦˥̰ ˈt͈͡sʷq͈ʷo̘ːt̻ʼ˦˥̰ t̠͈͡ʃʃ͈e̘ːt͡ʃʷt̻ʼ˦˥̰ χ͈ʷe̘ː˨˩̤ q͈ʷe̘ːk͈ʷ˧˩̰ ˈɣ̟ʲa̟˞˦˥̰.t̠͈͡ʃʷei̙q͈˦˥̰ /
She was playing on the beach under the setting sun this afternoon
Xwi̤i̤kwçar ghjãr yytssĩĩ tswĩj tzwqwũũt' tssĩĩtswt' xwi̤i̤ qwḭḭkw ghjãrtswĩjq
Beach at afternoon this sunset under she play IMPERF
171ian (one hundred seventy onian) is a conlang I developed for fictional purposes. It's the language spoken in the "Republic" of 171 and Tzwsyjkwçjyy, a secessionist territory and unrecognized country that aims to become independent from Brazil. It's a conlang in-universe too, as it was artificially devised to be the national language.
Phonology
171ian's phonology is rather unusual, and that's intentional. The in-universe creator wanted the language to stand out as a national symbol, the rationale being that it would make the "country" itself stand out as a result. (thanks u/acpyr2 for the help with romanization)
Consonants
Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | k͈ʷ k̟ʲʰ g̟ʲ (kw khj gj) | q͈ q͈ʷ (q qw) | ||||
Affricate | t͈͡s t͈͡sʷ (tz tzw) | t͈͡ʃ t͈͡ʃʷ ˀd̠ʒ (ts tsw d) | ||||
Fricative | s͈ (z) | ʃ͈ ʃ͈ʷ (s sw) | ʝ̟ (jh) | x͈ x͈ʷ x̟ʲ ɣ̟ʲ (ç çw çj ghj) | χ͈ χ͈ʷ (x xw) | |
Approximant | ɭ: (ll) | |||||
Ejective stop | t̻ʼ (t') | k̟ʲʼ (k') | ||||
Ejective fricative | ɬʲʼ (l') |
Vowels
(One could argue that each of the following vowels also has a creaky voiced, a breathy voiced and a pharyngealized counterpart. They wouldn't be wrong, but 171ian linguists consider these voicings as part of the tones rather than the vowels)
Monophtongs
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Mid | e̘: (ii) | ə̘: ə̃˞ (yy yrn) | ɤ˞ o̘: (ur uu) |
Open-mid | ɛ̘: (ee) | ɔ̘: (oo) | |
Open | a̟̙: a̟˞ (aa ar) | ɑ̃˞ (arn) |
Diphtongs
ei̙ (ij) | əɨ̙ (yj) | ou̙ (uw) |
---|
Tones
Along with pitch, tones in 171ian also include additional voicings
Pitch | Voice | IPA | Representation |
---|---|---|---|
High to extra-high | Creaky | ˦˥̰ | Tilde above (ã) |
Mid to extra-low | Creaky | ˧˩̰ | Tilde below (a̰) |
Low to extra-low | Breathy | ˨˩̤ | Diaresis below (a̤) |
Mid to low | Pharyngealized | ˧˨ˤ | Strikethrough ( |
None | Modal | Unmarked (a) |
(Yeah, it might be somewhat counterintuitive to use tilde above for something other than nasalization, but i found no other way around it)
Syntax
171ian is an analytic, mostly head final language. The word order is somewhat flexible, especially for analytic standards. Sentences that deviate from the patterns bellow are usually marked by commas.
- object-subject-verb (OSV) (verbal phrases)
- place-time-manner (adpositional phrases)
- relative clause-noun-adjective-number-genitive/demonstrative-postposition (noun phrases)
- adjective-adverb
- main verb-adverb
- main verb-auxiliary verb
Syllable structure and prosody
171ian's syllable structure is (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C). Please note, however, that this rule only regards phonology. Since many consonants are represented by two or three characters, written consonants may stack up indefinitelly. Stress always fall on the first syllable.
Morphology
ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
- As mentioned before, 171ian is an analytic language; therefore, there's very little word inflection. However, here's a rare exemple of inflection: the genitive case, which is the only case in the language (other than nominative, of course), and uses the particle zij-.
- Nouns have no plural form (only pronouns do); number is usually indicated through numerals, which work as indefinite articles.
- The definite "article" is unmarked.
- Adjectives come after the noun they describe, as seen before.
VERBS
Tense
171ian has two tenses: future and non-future. Future uses the auxilliary verb tzsi̤i̤q, while non-future is unmarked. Disctinction between past and present is usually inferred by context or expressed by time adverbials.
Aspect
There are three aspects: simple, perfect and progressive.
Aspect | Marker/Aux. verb | Literal meaning |
---|---|---|
Simple | ∅ | |
Perfect | s |
to possess, own |
Progressive | ghjãrtswĩjq | in the process of |
You can also express the perfect progressive aspect by combining both. The proper order is progressive-perfect-tense, so the future perfect progressive form would be (main verb) ghjãrtswĩjq sarn tzsi̤i̤q.
Mood
As you may have guessed, moods are syntactic rather than inflectional. The three moods are indicative, conditional and imperative.
- Conditional mood applies the auxiliary verb tzsi̤i̤q in the independent clause, just like the future tense. The dependent clause, on the other hand, uses the conjunction t'y̰y̰tzs
iior t'qwũũtzsii(both meaning "if"). - Imperative simply omits the otherwise mandatory subject.
Thanks for reading! Now please tell me your thoughts. Criticism is very welcome
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