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How does Kant disambiguate the different kinds of things which are valuable, in a moral sense - persons, the Good Will, etc.?
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So, in a consequentialist theory like Utilitarianism, it seems like we're told that there are two evaluative dimensions - the good and the right - and that each one is amenable to a pretty reductive account. In Mill, for example, Happiness is Good (as such) and acts which promote Happiness are Right (as such). Unless I am very confused about Mill, there's nothing else that is Good or Right which can't be reducible to those things in his theory.

Yet, in Kant, it seems like there is more to it than that. We have acts which are "morally valuable," we have the Good Will (which is Good, absolutely), we have persons as ends-in-themselves (which are valuable, unconditionally), and we have the Moral Law.

Is there a way in which we can map the evaluative dimensions that Kant is working with onto Mill, or visa-versa? Kant sure likes his distinctions, and I'm wondering if there are some German words which would make this clearer to me. I feel like I can give an explanation of each of these theories pretty well, but something about this set of distinctions is making me feel like I am very stupid.

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2 years ago