Hey, so I figured out what was going on with the town bank only paying out 1 emerald when you do a withdrawal.

If you are currently resident in a town which is not your own, and you pay money into the bank, you will pay money into the bank of the town you are currently in. The owner of that town will be able to see that there are emeralds in the bank, but if they try to withdraw emeralds which they did not deposit themselves, they will only get 1. You can deposit emeralds into a bank of a town you don't own, but not take them back out yourself, you don't have permission to do that.

I am not sure what would happen if the bank contains a combined number of emeralds from more than one person (owner and a resident).

To avoid losing emeralds into someone else's bank, therefore, everyone who shares other's towns needs to know to use /town select [theirtown] to make sure they are in their own town before depositing their emeralds and claiming chunks.