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Covenant theology can be broken down as follows: Protoevangelium (Genesis 3: God promises triumph over the serpent through Adam and Eve’s offspring) Noahic (Genesis 6:18: God promises preservation) Abrahamic (Genesis 12:1-3: God promised Abraham He would make him a great nation and bless him, with a confirmation in Genesis 15) Mosaic (Genesis 15, Exodus 19:4-6, Exodus 20:2: Abraham’s descendants had been emancipated and are expected to follow God’s commands) Davidic (2 Samuel 7; 1 Chronicles 17: God will construct a house for David and promises a royal successor of Abraham through David. Properly understood the redemption covenant between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit before time began. This redemption covenant (or a divine counsel) includes the Trinity and states that the Father chose a people in the Son, Who is their redemptive Mediator through His perfect manifestation in the flesh, submission, death, resurrection, and ascent. The Holy Spirit’s role was to equip the Son and employ Jesus’ finished work to the elect. A works covenant (also termed the covenant of creation) in which God placed Adam as the federal head of humankind. The covenant of grace with God’s elect in Christ. This third covenant is ordered through a series of covenants throughout the time between Adam and Jesus Christ. In His covenant with Adam, it is said God promised life to Adam as long as he displayed perfect obedience to Him. The consequence was death (Genesis 2:16-17). Since Adam represented the entire human race before God, when he broke the covenant, his guilt was legislated to his children (Romans 5:12-19). This covenant is important regarding the doctrine of sin and whether a person is unified to Adam or Christ (i.e., the second Adam). Jesus was perfectly satisfactory to God’s Law, and this Law/Gospel difference interlaces its way through the Old and New Testaments. (According to Michael S. Horton, “Law and gospel are commands distinguished from promises. Through the Law, God kills—extinguishing all hope of being justified by one’s own will and effort—and through the Gospel, God makes alive, justifies, and sanctifies.”) God established the covenants, and He metes out His justice and manifests His grace through them. Thoughts? Opinions?
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