Hmong

In population genetic and linguistic studies have proved the
Hmong people belong to the Hmong mien language group which is related with austroasiatic group in Middle and lower yangze river. And their origin was from southern china, not northern.

"This observation, together with the close affinities with SEAs revealed by average FST, phylogenetic tree analysis, and PCA, suggests southern origins of H-M populations."

The analysis showed that the haplogroups that are predominant in southern East Asia, including B, R9, N9a, and M7, account for 63% (ranging from 45% to 90%) of mtDNAs in H-M populations. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), phylogenetic tree analysis, and principal component (PC) analysis demonstrate closer relatedness between H-M and other southern East Asians, suggesting a general southern origin of maternal lineages in the H-M populations. The estimated ages of the mtDNA lineages that are specific to H-M coincide with those based on archeological cultures that have been associated with H-

Archeological and historical studies have shown that proto–H-M populations were associated with the Neolithic cultures that were found in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River, i.e., Daxi Culture (5,300–6,400 years before present [YBP]) and Qujialing Culture (4,600–5,000 YBP), and the San-Miao tribes in Central-southern China

PCA results conducted in H-M and other East Asian populations. Northern East Asians (NEA) and southern East Asians (SEA) are clearly separated by PC2 (accounting for 12.2% of the total variation), and the H-M populations fall entirely into the southern group. The H-M populations clustered together with other SEA groups (Daic, A-A, Southern Han [S. Han], and Southern Tibeto-Burman [STB]), indicating a general resemblance of the maternal lineages between H-Ms and other SEAs.

Some H-Ms (MHN, MYN, YKM, YLO, YYM, YGS, and YMI) are closer to S. Han and STB, whereas the rest clustered with Daic and Austro-Asiatic groups, two typical SEA groups

The proportion of SEA lineages in H-Ms is almost equal to that observed in other SEAs (53%, and 66% when including and excluding STB and S. Han), but it is significantly higher than those observed in NEAs (23%, t-test, P < 10−3). This observation, together with the close affinities with SEAs revealed by average FST, phylogenetic tree analysis, and PCA, suggests southern origins of H-M populations.

Archeologists and historians have suggested that the proto-H-M might be linked with the Neolithic culture in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River in southern China (Fei 1999), including the Daxi Culture (5,300–6,400 YBP) and the Qujialing Culture (4,600–5,000 YBP).

https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/22/3/725/1076015