The Seljuks are crushed at the battle of Dandanaqan in 1040 by the Ghaznavids and therefore the turks remain in central asia.

The byzanzine empire would retain Anatolia, the great schism of 1054 would still happen and as the the byzantines weren't reliant on aid from the catholics, Would this exacerbate the east-west conflict within christianity? Also would the byzantines have the strength to push even further into the middle east, conquering the holy land?

Without the crusades, what would the western europeans do, would nobles striving for more land attack one another and would religious zealouts focus their attention more one the baltics and the orthodox christians?

The muslim world was ruled by shiite governments, the most prominent were fatimids who ruled over egypt, the levant and Hejaz and the Buyids who controlled much of Persia and Mesopotamia (including the seat of the sunni caliph!) Without the sunni turks arriving, would shia islam perhabs become more popular than sunni Islam?