I'm trying to understand the comparative neurotoxicity of two of one of the most extreme substances: pyrovalerones (such as α-PVP) and inhalants (like gasoline or butane). From what I know, both are highly harmful, but I’m curious about which one is more toxic to the brain in terms of immediate damage and long-term effects.

Pyrovalerones: These stimulants are known to cause serious damage to dopamine systems, increase oxidative stress, and lead to cognitive and emotional impairments with chronic use. They can also have dangerous cardiovascular effects and psychological consequences.

Inhalants: Substances like gasoline and butane can cause acute damage by disrupting oxygen supply to the brain and directly destroying brain cells. Their use even once or twice can lead to irreversible damage, such as brain atrophy and motor function issues.

Considering both short-term and long-term effects, which one do you think has a higher neurotoxic potential? I'm particularly interested in the direct impact on brain cells and how quickly the damage occurs with each substance. Would love to hear your thoughts or any scientific insights!