If you have not started the quest do not start it on more than one character it will get bugged out and you will not be able to finish it. Do everything on one you should be fine. (This includes claiming triumphs for doing it)

Edit: To clarify I started it on my warlock and then grabbed the quest from the kiosk and finished on my titan. Now it does not work (I cannot interact with the pod) a lot of people having the same problem have it because they tried doing it on multiple characters at the same time. The key section of the quest does not apply to all of the characters which bugs out the quest.

Edit 2 Downvoted out of existence for trying to help people great work Reddit.

Edit 3: I am working at this to see if I can find a workaround tonight. If you find something share and help spread the word

Edit 4: If you get the gun and cannot claim the triumph you have the same bug as this post also you cannot do the catalyst quest.

Edit 5: New section of Bug popping up if you have the gun and start the quest for the catalyst and change characters it also bugs out and you cannot get the catalyst.

Edit 6 I give up I have tried everything including deleting the quests on my alts and uploading the game on Xbox to attempt it on a different platform. The only thing I have figured out is I also do not have the skulls to pick up that should be in the area. I hope thy fix it

Final edit: it is fixed you need to look at the second page of xur to get a new key if you still cannot inspect the cryopod which to a different character and grab the key you can get it all done.

Final edit:you can get an new key on xurs second page so it is fixed, if you still cannot interact with something like the cryopod switch to a different character and grab the key you will be able to finish .