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Delivery
The bombs were all delivered by way of Boeing B-50 'Superfortress'. There were 11 crewmembers from the 4925th Special Weapons Group (Atomic), and an accompanying Los Alamos National Lab (LASL) scientist. The plane operated out of Kirtland AFB.
Participating Aircraft
| Mission | Type of Aircraft | Number of Aircraft | Unit of Origin | Staging Base |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airdrop | B-50 | 1 | 4925th Special Weapons Group (Atomic) | Kirtland AFB |
| Photography | B-50 | 1 | Strategic Air Command | Kirtland AFB |
| Emergency | C-47 | 1 | 4925th Special Weapons Group (Atomic) | Kirtland AFB |
| Cloud Sampling | B-29 | 2 | 374th Recon Squadron (VLR) Weather | Nellis AFB |
| Cloud Tracking | B-29 | 1 | 374th Recon Squadron (VLR) Weather | Nellis AFB |
| Cloud Tracking | B-29 | 1 | 374th Recon Squadron (VLR) Weather | McClellan AFB |
| Aerial Surveying | H-13 | 1 | 4925th Special Weapons Group (Atomic) | AEC Control Point |
| Aerial Surveying | H-19 | 1 | 4925th Special Weapons Group (Atomic) | AEC Control Point |
| Aerial Surveying | C-47 | 1 | Air Weather Service | Nellis AFB |
| Aerial Surveying | B-17 | 1 | Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory | Nellis AFB |
| Courier Service | B-25 | 3 | 4901st Support Wing (Atomic) | Indian Springs AFB |
| Atomic Energy Detection System | B-29 | 5 | Air Weather Service | Barksdale AFB, Robins AFB |
| Atomic Energy Detection System | B-29 | * | Air Weather Service | Air Force bases in Alaska, Guam, Japan, and Saudi Arabia |
Scientific Experiments
| Experiment | Objective | Shots | Participating Agencies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radiochemical Results | To analyze radioactive samples taken from clouds resulting from the detonations | All | LASL HQ, USAF Air Weather Service |
| Fractionation of Cloud PArticles by Shearing Winds | To analyze the effects of winds on the dispersal of clouds resulting from the detonations | All | LASL HQ, USAF AWS |
| Atmospheric Conditions and Their Effects on Atomic Clouds at the Nevada Test Site | To Analyze the effects of weather on the movement of clouds resulting from the detonations | All | USAF AWS |
| Protection Afforded by Field Fortifications Against Gamma Radiation from an Air-burst Atomic Bomb | To determine the protection afforded by foxholes against gamma radiation at the time of a nuclear device detonation | All | Army Chemical Center |
| Thermal Effects Program | To obtain data on the thermal hazard of nuclear weapons to military equipment of various materials and finishes | All | Office of the Army Quartermaster General |
| Thermal and Ionizing Radiation Measurements | To collect data on the biological effects of gamma and thermal radiation from a nuclear detonation | ABLE, EASY, BAKER-2, FOX | Office of the Surgeon General (Army) |
| Analysis of Fireball Growth at RANGER | To analyze the fireball growth and yield determination recorded by film data | All | LASL |
| Gamma Radiation Exposure as a Function of Distance | TO measure gamma radiation as a function of distance during and immediately following a nuclear detonation | All | Sandia Corporation |
ABLE SHOT
Able Shot is the first test over the continental United States since Trinity. The purpose of this detonation is to test compression against critical mass, as inspired by the infamous Demon Core Incident. The Demon Core Incident involved the covering of fissile material, causing criticality on a smaller scale. By compressing fissile material, the criticality is affected, and this test is to determine to what effect.
This test is also calibrated in order to benchmark 1 kt explosions.
BAKER SHOT
Baker Shot utilizes an older fractional critical core design, in which multiple portions of the core are shunted together by the explosion. Baker shot is also equipped with a TOM initiator, a new type of modulated neutron initiator - a source of neutrons for the reaction. The TOM initiator uses less polonium than earlier designs.
The test was considered a success, with a considerable yield of 8 kt.
EASY SHOT
Easy Shot utilized identical conditions to Able Shot, in order to further test the principle of compression against critical mass, as opposed to a fractional core design.
The test matched the Able benchmark, and was considered a success.
BAKER-2 SHOT
Baker-2 was an identical test to Baker Shot, and was a test of how reproducible the TOM initiator results were.
The test was deemed a success.
FOX SHOT
Fox Shot was a proof test of the Mk-6 HOW core. The Mk-6 core is the same dimensions as the Mk-4 used on the earlier tests, but weighs up to 25% less, making air transport far more viable.
Summary of Ranger Shots
| Name | Date time (UT) | Local Time | Location | Elevation Height | Delivery | Device | Yield | Fallout |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABLE | January 27, 1951, 13:44:51.0 | 05:44:51.0 PST (-8hrs) | NTS Area 5 | 1,010 m (3,310 ft) 323 m (1,060 ft) | free air drop (aircraft) | Mk-4, Type D | 1 kt | I-131 venting detected, 1.3 MCi (48 PBq) |
| BAKER | January 28, 1951 13:52:04.5 | 05:52:04.5 PST (-8hrs) | NTS Area 5 | 1,010 m (3,310 ft) 329 m (1,079 ft) | free air drop (aircraft) | Mk-4, Type D, TOM Init | 8 kt | I-131 venting detected, 3.2 MCi (120 PBq) |
| EASY | February 1, 1951 13:46:39.5 | 05:46:39.5 PST (-8hrs) | NTS Area 5 | 1,010 m (3,310 ft) 329 m (1,079 ft) | free air drop (aircraft) | Mk-4, Type D | 1 kt | Classified |
| BAKER-2 | February 2, 1951 13:48:48.0 | 05:48:48.0 PST (-8hrs) | NTS Area 5 | 1,010 m (3,310 ft) 437 m (1,434 ft) | free air drop (aircraft) | Mk-4, Type D | 8 kt | Classified |
| FOX | February 6, 1951 13:46:55.0 | 05:46:55.0 PST (-8hrs) | NTS Area 5 | 1,010 m (3,310 ft) 437 m (1,434 ft) | free air drop (aircraft) | Mk-6 HOW, Type D "Freddy" | 22 kt | Classified |
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