I’m a hobbyist that has started with electronic repair which evolved into coding and arduino prototypes and finally very basic board design and production.

I want to learn more about how things should be designed in pcbs to make custom chips and maybe just pull the components I want from an arduino with incorporated stepper motor controls but all in one board.

That being said, sometimes someone will post a random schematic and we have some very knowledgeable people chiming in on layout protocols and different requirements for voltages or different things of that sort. How did you all learn this? Is there a course I could take or that you have taken that gave a great foundational knowledge base to build upon?